QUIZ: POSITION AND TOPIC SENTENCE OF PARAGRAPHS

Paragraph 1
1 c. Driving in winter, especially on snowy, icy roads, can be less trouble some if you take a few simple precautions*. (TS)
2 b. First, put on snow tires if you plan to dtive on snowy, icy roads very often.
3 e. Second, check the amount of antifreeze in your radiator and add more if necessary.
4 a. Next, add anti freeze to your windshield washer fluid; otherwise, the fluid will freeze and possibly break the container.
5 d. Finally, it is also a good idea to carry tire chains, a can of spray to unfreeze door locks and a windshield scraper in your car when driving in winter weather.

Paragraph 2
1 b. Researchers in the automobile industry are experimenting with different types of engines and fuels as alternative to the conventional gasoline engines. (TS)
2 a. Furthermore, researchers are continuing to work on the development of an efficient, electrically powered automobile.
3 c. One new type of engine, which burns diesel oil instead of gasoline, has been available for several years.
4 e. A second type is the gas turbine engine, which can use fuels made from gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene, other petroleum distillates*, or methanol.
5 d. Finally, several automobile manufactures are experimenting with methanol, which is a mixture of gasoline and methyl alcohol, as an automobile fuel.

Paragraph 3
1 e. Some form of written communication has been used throughout the centuries.(TS)
2 b. In the earliest times, people carved or painted messages on rocks.
3 a. Later on, people began to write on pieces of leather, which were rolled into scrolls.
4 c. In the middle Ages, heavy paper called parchment was used for writing; books were laboratoriously copied by hand.
5 d. With the invention of the printing press in the middle of the fifteenth century, the modern printing industry was born.

Paragraph 4
1 b. American Indian names are very descriptive, for Indian were usually named for physical attribute, for an occurrence in nature, or for animal.(TS)
2 d. Indians with distinctive physical characteristics might be given such names as big foot or crooked leg.
3 a. If there had been a big storm on the day of a baby’s birth, the baby might have been named thunder cloud.
4 c. Grey Eagle, red dog, Big bear, and spotted wolf are example of Indians named after animals.

Paragraph 5
1 d. The validity* of standardized intelligence test is being seriously questioned by educators and physiologists.(TS)
2 a. For one thing, Individual I.Q. scores vary considerably.
3 b. Many experts also question whether I.Q. scores are related to intelligence.
4 c. Furthermore, most psychologists agree that intelligence test are biased* in favor of middle-class children.
5 e. In fact, motivation seems to be just as important as intelligence in determining a person’s ability to learn.